C PlusPlus
pronounced
"see plus plus") is a statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm,
compiled, general-purpose programming language. It is regarded as an
intermediate-level language, as it comprises both high-level and
low-level language features. Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in
1979 at Bell Labs, C++ was originally named C with Classes, adding
object oriented features, such as classes, and other enhancements to the
C programming language. The language was renamed C++ in 1983, as a pun
involving the increment operator.
C++ is one of the most popular programming languages
and is implemented on a wide variety of hardware and operating system
platforms. As an efficient compiler to native code, its application
domains include systems software, application software, device drivers,
embedded software, high-performance server and client applications, and
entertainment software such as video games. Several groups provide both
free and proprietary C++ compiler software, including the GNU Project,
LLVM, Microsoft, Intel and Embarcadero Technologies. C++ has greatly
influenced many other popular programming languages, most notably C# and
Java. Other successful languages such as Objective-C use a very
different syntax and approach to adding classes to C.
C++
is also used for hardware design, where the design is initially
described in C++, then analyzed, architecturally constrained, and
scheduled to create a register-transfer level hardware description
language via high-level synthesis.
The
language began as enhancements to C, first adding classes, then virtual
functions, operator overloading, multiple inheritance, templates and
exception handling, among other features. After years of development,
the C++ programming language standard was ratified in 1998 as ISO/IEC 14882:1998. The standard was amended by the 2003 technical corrigendum, ISO/IEC 14882:2003. The current standard extending C++ with new features was ratified and published by ISO in September 2011 as ISO/IEC 14882:2011
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